In 2025, South Sudan continued to face multiple, overlapping shocks and trends that worsened the humanitarian situation and increased the needs of vulnerable communities.
At the crossroads of Africa and Europe, Tunisia is exposed to complex movement patterns involving refugees and migrants along the central Mediterranean route.
South Sudan continues to face severe humanitarian emergencies driven by climate shocks, relentless violence, multiple disease outbreaks and a struggling economy.
Since February 2025, 190,000 South Sudanese have sought refuge in countries neighboring South Sudan, including an estimated 45,000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 39,000 in Ethiopia, 75,000 in Sudan, and 30,000 in Uganda.
• South Sudan is facing overlapping crises, including violence, protracted economic decline and climate shocks, which continue to fuel food insecurity and malnutrition.
The Sudan crisis has become the world’s largest displacement and protection emergency. Since April 2023, some 14 million people have been forced to flee their homes, of whom nearly 12 million remain displaced —7.3 million within Sudan and over 4.2 million across borders into the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, and Uganda
This Post-Distribution Monitoring (PDM) report assesses the distribution of Core Relief Items (CRIs) and the allocation of emergency shelters to 515 newly arrived refugee households (1,499 individuals) in Maban County between January and March 2025.
As of 31 October, flooding has affected an estimated 1,024,500 people in 29 counties across six states, with Jonglei and Unity accounting for nearly 87 per cent of those impacted.
In September, the security situation in Darfur and Kordofan States remained highly volatile and unpredictable, marked by intensified military confrontations, drone strikes, aerial bombardments and increasing intercommunal tension, leading to widespread insecurity, civilian displacement and growing humanitarian needs.
A total of 164,000 South Sudanese have sought refuge in countries neighboring South Sudan, including an estimated 33,000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 35,000 in Ethiopia, 70,000 in Sudan, and 26,000 in Uganda. In addition, over 131,000 Sudanese refugees have returned from South Sudan in recent months.
As of 9 October, flooding has affected an estimated 886,106 people across 26 counties in six states, with Jonglei and Unity accounting for over 91 per cent of the affected population.
Since the outbreak of armed conflict in Sudan on 15 April 2023, Africa Region faced a large-scale humanitarian crisis marked by one of the most significant displacement movements in recent years. Millions of people fled the violence, crossing into Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
As of 1 October, an estimated 639,225 people have been affected by flooding across 26 counties in six states, with Jonglei and Unity accounting for over 88 per cent of the caseload.
The Sudan crisis has triggered the largest displacement and protection emergency in the world today. Over 14 million people have been forced to flee since April 2023, with 12 million remaining displaced, including over 3.2 million refugees and asylum-seekers who have crossed borders into the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, and Uganda as of mid-2025.
Between 17 and 27 July 2025, REACH conducted a mixed-methods assessment in Markath (Bilkey), Nukta (Dengjok), and Thokwath (Gakdong), targeting three population groups: returnees from Ethiopia and Sudan (arrived within the past 12 months), IDPs from Nasir and Ulang (arrived since March 2025), and the host community.
As of 9 September, an estimated 273,000 people are affected in 12 counties across four states, with Jonglei and Unity states accounting for over 91 per cent of those impacted.
In 2025, the Regional RRP is designed to target the needs of 2.53 million refugees and 1.84 million members of the host community in the five main asylum countries, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, and Uganda.
There are now 12.0 million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including 7.7 million internally and 4.1 million in neighbouring countries.
