Sudan Situation: UNHCR Monthly External Update #111 - September 2025

Highlights

▪ Sudan: In September, the security situation in Darfur and Kordofan States remained highly volatile and unpredictable, marked by intensified military confrontations, drone strikes, aerial bombardments and increasing intercommunal tension, leading to widespread insecurity, civilian displacement and growing humanitarian needs. Humanitarian access along key routes in the Darfur and Kordofan regions were constrained due to a combination of insecurity, roadblocks and active hostilities.
The annual rainy season is affecting access to camps, remote localities and humanitarian service delivery, particularly in White Nile and Blue Nile States with some roads toward Al Salam refugee camps impassable due to flooding. In Khartoum, the rise in River Nile water level poses environmental hazards and potential disruption of staff access and outreach to beneficiaries. In Northern State, an early warning was issued about potential rises in Nile River water levels. Citizens, especially in low-lying areas near the riverbed, were advised to take all necessary precautionary measures in anticipation of possible flooding.

▪ Central African Republic (CAR): In September, UNHCR’s partner Centre d’Intervention d’Aide au Développement (CIAUD) recorded 86 protection incidents in Vakaga prefecture, marking a slight increase compared to August. The incidents were primarily attributed to non-state armed groups along transit routes and in nearby localities, including Am-Dafock, Tissi-Sarayevo, Boromata and Korsi. Most victims continued to be men from host communities who face heightened risks, including extortion, theft, violations of property rights, physical assaults, threats to life and in some cases homicide and kidnapping, during their search for livelihoods.

▪ Chad: As of 28 September, Chad had reported 2,506 cases of cholera and 143 deaths (at a case fatality rate of 5.7 per cent), with active outbreaks in nine districts across the provinces of Ouaddaï, Sila and Guéra. Although the number of cases has decreased by nearly 30 per cent, mortality remains high, particularly at the community level. Refugees account for 32 per cent of cases and 18 per cent of deaths. Ongoing response measures include the deployment of more than 50 oral rehydration points, strengthened WASH interventions, enhanced surveillance and vaccination campaigns. The Cholera vaccination coverage now exceeds 80 per cent, yet the outbreak remains a serious threat in overcrowded sites with persistent WASH gaps

▪ Egypt: On 22 and 23 September, UNHCR, in collaboration with Plan International, evaluated their alternative care and protection of housing components. The primary aim was to ensure compliance with child protection guidelines and identify gaps and areas of improvement. The key gaps identified included limited community engagement in order to identify suitable care arrangements for children as well as a lack of consistent and ongoing home visits for younger children placed in alternative care. A plan is being put in place to address these gaps, including strengthening community involvement and improving follow-up mechanisms for children in alternative care.

▪ Ethiopia: From 23-24 September, UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador, Ms. YANG Yang and representatives of the ANTA Group visited the Sherkole camp in the Benishangul-Gumuz region, where 1,848 Sudanese refugees have been relocated. The delegation familiarized themselves with ANTA-funded education and sport activities and facilities provided to refugee and host community children and youth, as well as listened to the urgent needs of refugees. This mission highlighted how sport and learning initiatives are fostering peaceful coexistence and social cohesion between refugees and host communities. ▪ South Sudan: UNHCR, in partnership with the Commission for Refugee Affairs (CRA), the Jamjang County Commissioner and other stakeholders, launched a project to clear and construct a 5-kilometre access road linking Ajuong Thok refugee camp to Ngabule Payam. The road will serve around 3,000 refugees and 1,000 host community members who engage in farming, improving security along a route previously plagued by nearly 10 incidents of robbery, looting and killings in early 2025. Once complete, it will also enable regular police patrols. The project is expected to take 2–3 months.

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