Syria’s 2025 Elections: Legitimacy and Representation

Syria's first parliamentary elections since the fall of the Assad government are taking place within a complex and challenging transitional period. Scheduled for late September 2025, the process has been established by the transitional government led by President Ahmed al-Sharaa. The electoral framework, as defined by Presidential Decree 142, outlines an indirect system that has become a subject of national and international discussion regarding its legitimacy, inclusivity, and implications for Syria's future.

The current system, which does not involve direct public voting, is described by government officials as a necessary measure given the country’s current state. Factors such as the displacement of millions of Syrians, a lack of updated civil records, and damaged infrastructure are cited as reasons why a traditional, direct election is not feasible at this time. The process is being conducted through a tiered structure where electoral bodies, selected by local subcommittees, will in turn elect parliamentary representatives. The government has stated that the aim of this approach is to select technocrats and academics, with a target of 70% of members falling into this category and 30% being notable community figures.

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