In 2025, the MENA region faced overlapping crises including conflict, displacement, economic collapse, disease outbreaks, and climate shocks, placing children at risk and disrupting access to services.
Middle East and North Africa offers a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of one of the world’s most complex and dynamic mobility landscapes where labour migration, protracted displacement, environmental stressors and socioeconomic transitions converge.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
Despite ongoing diplomatic efforts, the conflict that erupted in Sudan in April 2023 continues to fuel one of the world's most severe humanitarian crises, one marked by extreme violence, widespread human rights violations, and mass displacement.
The Sudan crisis has become the world’s largest displacement and protection emergency. Since April 2023, some 14 million people have been forced to flee their homes, of whom nearly 12 million remain displaced —7.3 million within Sudan and over 4.2 million across borders into the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, and Uganda
In September, the security situation in Darfur and Kordofan States remained highly volatile and unpredictable, marked by intensified military confrontations, drone strikes, aerial bombardments and increasing intercommunal tension, leading to widespread insecurity, civilian displacement and growing humanitarian needs.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
Since the outbreak of armed conflict in Sudan on 15 April 2023, Africa Region faced a large-scale humanitarian crisis marked by one of the most significant displacement movements in recent years. Millions of people fled the violence, crossing into Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
There are now 11.9 million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including 7.5 million internally and 4.1 million in neighbouring countries
According to a statement by the UN Spokesperson, and the UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs, civilians remain cut off without access to food and clean water, and public health is deteriorating amid outbreaks of diseases like cholera.
The United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) has welcomed the lifesaving contribution of JPY 500 million (US$3.3 million) from Japan to provide emergency food and nutrition assistance to Palestinians facing severe food insecurity due to the conflict in Gaza and also escalating violence in the West Bank.
There are now 12.0 million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including 7.7 million internally and 4.1 million in neighbouring countries.
Latest data from IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) shows a 13% drop in the number of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Sudan since January 2025, now standing at 10.1 million.
In June 2025, WFP assisted an estimated 3.6 million people across all activities. Of those assisted, 1.6 million people were in famine and risk of famine (RoF) areas in Sudan.
The Government of Japan has contributed US$2 million (approximately 300 million Japanese Yen) to the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP), enabling life-saving food assistance at a time when millions in Yemen face deepening hunger.
There are now 12.0 million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including 7.7 million internally and 4.1 million in neighbouring countries.
The Sudan Mobility Update provides a summary of the total IDP population in Sudan, including those displaced both before and after the onset of the conflict on 15 April 2023.
