Two months on from the outbreak of conflict in the Middle East and the effective closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a vital corridor for global energy flows, shocks have rippled through economies worldwide.
In 2025, the MENA region faced overlapping crises including conflict, displacement, economic collapse, disease outbreaks, and climate shocks, placing children at risk and disrupting access to services.
In 2025, Yemen’s displacement crisis continued to deepen rather than stabilize, layered on top of a decade-long emergency that has eroded services, livelihoods, and coping capacity. For millions of families, displacement was not a temporary disruption, but an ongoing reality shaped by rising poverty and weakened systems.
At the crossroads of Africa and Europe, Tunisia is exposed to complex movement patterns involving refugees and migrants along the central Mediterranean route.
Middle East and North Africa offers a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of one of the world’s most complex and dynamic mobility landscapes where labour migration, protracted displacement, environmental stressors and socioeconomic transitions converge.
As of the end of December 2025, South Sudan hosts 605,062 refugees and asylum-seekers across 161,400 households, settled in 29 locations nationwide. This includes 601,814 registered refugees and 3,248 asylum-seekers.
After more than a decade of conflict, Yemen remains one of the world’s most complex and protracted humanitarian crises. The country continues to face the compounded impacts of conflict, climate change, economic collapse, and the near-total breakdown of public services and institutions.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
The Tunisian authorities have over the past three years increasingly dismantled protections for refugees, asylum seekers and migrants, particularly Black people, with a dangerous shift towards racist policing and widespread human rights violations that endanger their lives, safety and dignity, Amnesty International said today.
The Sudan crisis has become the world’s largest displacement and protection emergency. Since April 2023, some 14 million people have been forced to flee their homes, of whom nearly 12 million remain displaced —7.3 million within Sudan and over 4.2 million across borders into the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, and Uganda
In September, the security situation in Darfur and Kordofan States remained highly volatile and unpredictable, marked by intensified military confrontations, drone strikes, aerial bombardments and increasing intercommunal tension, leading to widespread insecurity, civilian displacement and growing humanitarian needs.
Recent developments in Sudan, marked by a reduction in fighting in some areas, have led to a growing number of displaced Sudanese returning from Egypt and Libya via Northern State.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
Since the outbreak of armed conflict in Sudan on 15 April 2023, Africa Region faced a large-scale humanitarian crisis marked by one of the most significant displacement movements in recent years. Millions of people fled the violence, crossing into Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, resumed its Assisted Spontaneous Return (ASR) programme for Somali refugees in Yemen. On 7 October, 70 refugees departed by sea from Aden to Berbera, and today the first UNHCR-supported flight transported 148 returnees to Mogadishu, Somalia.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) on Wednesday facilitated the voluntary return of 152 Syrians in vulnerable situations from Libya to Damascus, marking the first Voluntary Humanitarian Return (VHR) flight to Syria organized by IOM since 2025.
Since January 3, 2025, Erigavo Regional Hospital in the Sanaag region of northeastern Somaliland has reported ve cases of visceral leishmaniasis, also known as Kala-azar, a disease not historically prevalent in the area.
The Sudan crisis has triggered the largest displacement and protection emergency in the world today. Over 14 million people have been forced to flee since April 2023, with 12 million remaining displaced, including over 3.2 million refugees and asylum-seekers who have crossed borders into the Central African Republic, Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, Libya, South Sudan, and Uganda as of mid-2025.
There are now million forcibly displaced due to the outbreak of conflict in Sudan since April 2023, including million internally and million in neighbouring countries.
