In September, the security situation in Darfur and Kordofan States remained highly volatile and unpredictable, marked by intensified military confrontations, drone strikes, aerial bombardments and increasing intercommunal tension, leading to widespread insecurity, civilian displacement and growing humanitarian needs.
A total of 164,000 South Sudanese have sought refuge in countries neighboring South Sudan, including an estimated 33,000 in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 35,000 in Ethiopia, 70,000 in Sudan, and 26,000 in Uganda. In addition, over 131,000 Sudanese refugees have returned from South Sudan in recent months.
The Multi-Sector Needs Assessment (MSNA) 2025 is a nationwide assessment designed to provide credible, multi-sectoral data on the needs of displaced, non-displaced and returnee populations across Sudan.
UNHCR continues to provide protection and assistance to refugees, asylum-seekers, IDPs, returnees, stateless people, and host communities based on identified needs, vulnerabilities and available resources.
As of 16 October, and since 8 December 2024, a total of 1,099,768 Syrian individuals have returned to Syria from other countries, while 1,880,432 internally displaced persons (IDPs) have returned to areas of origin or selected locations in the country.
Shelter Repairs in Areas of Origin: Numerous houses in rural As-Sweida and Dar’a have been looted, vandalized, or burned, requiring minor to moderate repairs to facilitate safe, voluntary, and dignified returns.
Since 8 December 2024, a total of 1,099,768 individuals have returned to Syria from other countries while 1,880,432 internally displaced persons (IDPs) have returned to areas of origin or selected locations.
This guidance document aims to provide a clear and practical overview of the minimum technical standards for shelters to be applied in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem.
On 11 October 2025, DTM field teams estimated that 500 individuals were displaced from Al Fasher town in Al Fasher locality, North Darfur due to heightened insecurity. Displacement reportedly occurred from Dar Al Argam gathering site.
As of 9 October, flooding has affected an estimated 886,106 people across 26 counties in six states, with Jonglei and Unity accounting for over 91 per cent of the affected population.
Since the outbreak of armed conflict in Sudan on 15 April 2023, Africa Region faced a large-scale humanitarian crisis marked by one of the most significant displacement movements in recent years. Millions of people fled the violence, crossing into Chad, Egypt, Ethiopia, South Sudan, and Uganda.
The security situation across southern Syria remains unpredictable, with ongoing incidents contributing to instability in rural areas. Recent weeks have seen localized tensions, including armed clashes, criminal activity, Explosive Ordinance (EO) explosions and disruptions affecting civilian safety and mobility.
UNRWA operations in Gaza City have faced severe disruptions due to the intensification of Israeli military operations, displacement orders, and the large-scale displacement of personnel and their families. Nevertheless, nearly 1,600 UNRWA personnel continue to provide critical services in the area, including through 11 emergency shelters and one medical point, operating at minimum capacity.
Overall, markets were found to be least functional in Central Darfur, where 4 out of 6 assessed markets scored less than 50 out of a maximum of 100, and in Kassala, where 2 out of 4 assessed markets scored less than 50.
On 30 September 2025, floods in El Faki Hashim, Jaalin, Debba, Khileila and Wad Ramli in Bahri locality, Khartoum displaced approximately 1,200 households. Field teams reported that five houses were destroyed, but many more were partially damaged.
As of 1 October, an estimated 639,225 people have been affected by flooding across 26 counties in six states, with Jonglei and Unity accounting for over 88 per cent of the caseload.
On 30 September 2025, floods in Shegeilab and Tayyibah villages in Jebel Awlia locality, Khartoum displaced approximately 100 households. Field teams reported that about 100 houses were flooded, with 40 houses partially damaged and 10 houses destroyed as a result.
Anecdotal feedback from Gaza suggests that displaced households prefer shelter solutions which offer more space (especially head height) and solid walling than tents can offer.
Military operations in the northern West Bank in early 2025 have triggered large-scale displacement, particularly from the Jenin, Nour Shams, and Tulkarem refugee camps. Nearly the entire populations of these camps have been displaced into a mix of host families, rental accommodations, collective shelters, and makeshift structures.
One million Syrians – 1,027,887 – have now returned home from neighbouring countries since the 8 December 2024. A milestone of hope – yet millions remain displaced and urgent support is needed to make returns sustainable.
